Is it appropriate at work?

It'd be a pretty dull day at the office if no one ever cracked a dirty joke.

But, some say, years of zero tolerance sexual harassment policies in the workplace have produced a frigid climate where everyone has to check their sexual beings at the reception desk (without making an inappropriate comment to the receptionist, of course).

Well, a new study has broken the ice...sort of.

Researchers at University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management and the University of British Columbia's Sauder School of Management discovered that some employees say they actually, gasp, enjoy the occasional sexually charged joke, discussions of sexual matters or flirtation around the office.

But before you go patting your coworker on the butt, the study also found that the same workers who said they enjoyed a some sexual banter in the workplace also withdrew from work, felt less valued and reported depressive symptoms more often than employees who experienced little to no sexual behavior at the office.

In other words, a little sexual innuendo might be good for a laugh, but it's lousy for morale and productivity.

'In our culture, sexuality has connotations of domination, subordinance and vulnerability,' said Professor Jennifer Berdahl, coauthor of the study. 'Often a dominating behaviour is a way of making someone squirmy. Why bring this into the workplace?' Considering how quickly most dinner party conversation eventually gets around to the topic of sex, it's unrealistic to think that people who spend 8-12 hours a day together aren't ever going to go there.

But you only have to watch an episode of Mad Men to see how bad things things might still be if we hadn't put on the brakes. Sexual harassment laws did much to eliminate the day when it was okay to make 'bosom' cracks in front of your female secretary.

Sure, harassment laws can be applied overly zealously - using them to stop a man from putting a picture of his wife in a bikini on his desk, something that apparently happened somewhere in the US, for example. But, as far as I'm concerned, as long as men and women are too daft to recognize behaviour that makes another person squirmy, we still need rules to keep the workplace from feeling like a singles' bar or, even a dinner party.

And no, I don't think that's funny.

Are company water coolers good for morale?

Just when you thought morale couldn't get any lower, some companies are pulling the plug on a workplace icon – the water cooler.

The city's top water delivery distributors are reporting a drop in business as corporations cancel the service, citing budgetary concerns. Some industry experts worry though, the cost-cutting measure could backfire on companies, big-time.

"People forget that the water cooler is more than a cold drink," says Tina Dacin, director of the Centre for Corporate Social Responsibility at Queen's University School of Business.

"Nowadays, organizations deal with problems that are complex, multi-dimensional. You need lots of people to come together and chat and share good ideas. And where you get these ideas shared is in these sacred spaces – like mailrooms, bathrooms, parking lots, coffee rooms and around the water cooler. When you take away the water cooler, where do people come together?"

Dacin recalls the story of a manufacturing plant in the U.K. that tried to cut costs by reducing the time employees took for their two 30-minute breaks, during which they boiled water, brewed tea and drank it. With the labour council's blessing, the plant installed a vending machine to dispense tea more efficiently.

So what happened?

"You got low morale, all the way to having sabotage on the shop floor," Dacin says. "It actually cost the company a ton more and the plant was never functional again."

The average company in Canada with a water cooler has nine employees, says Gara Hay, chief operating officer of Canadian Springs.

Hay says an 18-litre bottled water cooler costs roughly $40 to $50 a month, which includes the cooler rental, water delivery and the little paper cone cups.

Craig Hayhoe, vice-president of Cedar Springs, notes: "Now, if it's a big office, maybe a couple hundred bucks a month." Cedar Springs is the largest privately owned home and office delivery company in Canada.

Both executives say their companies have fielded recession-related cancellations.

"We track our reasons for canceling and `closing business' has gone up a bit and `cost-cutting and budgetary concerns' is another reason," Hay says.

This week, the Privy Council Office revealed the federal government has spent more than $15 million in the past five years on bottled water. Myriam Massabki, a spokesperson for the office, said its portion of that spending related to buying 18-litre water bottles for areas where a water fountain was either not installed or not functioning.

Dacin, a professor of strategy and organizational behaviour, would like taxpayers to consider the broader benefits before expressing their outrage. "It's a symbol of goodwill from the organization that they care about their people. What's the goodwill cost?"

Michelle De Los Santos, a senior business consultant at CIBC downtown, brings her own half-litre glass pitcher to work and figures she fills up at the water cooler three or four times a day.

"It's pretty basic," she says, grateful the corporation hasn't scrapped its water delivery service. "Nobody wants to go to the bathroom and fill their Thermoses with tap water."

Though Canada has one of the best public drinking water systems in the world, Hayhoe – not surprisingly – thinks Cedar Springs water is better. "It doesn't taste like tap water, let me tell you."

Faucet or spigot, it all really comes down to fulfilling a fundamental human need.

"They need to be liquidated, don't they?" he says, and then chuckles at his verbal slip. "Hydrated is probably a better word."

Have you heard this one...

Sexual jokes at work maybe fun for some, but hurt morale


Flirting or telling a lewd joke around the water cooler may win you popularity points with some of your co-workers, but such behaviour actually lowers overall workplace morale, Canadian researchers say.

A study that included nearly 300 subjects found that 60 per cent of respondents experienced some form of sexual behaviour -- such as flirting, sexual jokes or sexual innuendo -- in the workplace.

About one quarter of those employees said they viewed such behaviour positively.

However, regardless of whether employees enjoyed a little sexually-charged banter, workers were more likely to withdraw from work, feel depressed or feel less valued simply by being exposed to sexual behaviour.

The findings were largely replicated in a second survey of more than 1,000 subjects.

The results surprised the researchers, according to study co-author Jennifer Berdahl, who expected to find negative psychological effects only among those who did not enjoy such behaviour.

"We were expecting that people who enjoyed this behaviour at work and experienced it frequently would show some kind of a bounce," Berdahl said on CTV.ca. "You would think that something that is enjoyed and experienced frequently would also help improve things, like your commitment to your job, feeling valued at work or social bonding with your co-workers."

Berdahl, an associate professor of organizational behaviour at the University of Toronto's Rotman School of Management, conducted the research alongside Karl Aquino of the University of British Columbia's Sauder School of Business.

According to Berdahl, even if some co-workers enjoy sexual behaviour, the attitudes of their less-receptive colleagues could bring down overall workplace morale.

Moreover, sexual behaviour could act almost as a "stealth poison," whereby it negatively impacts workers indirectly or on a subconscious level.

"We thought that if this is just inappropriate behaviour, even if it's fun or flattering, it could serve as a sort of stealth poison. That is, directly but at a subconscious or implicit level, negatively affecting people by bringing up themes of dominance and submission or vulnerability and shame," Berdahl said.

"Sexuality is a very private matter. You don't know what people's histories are or what it's evoking for them when a sexual joke is told in the workplace."

Indeed, the themes of dominance or shame are supported when the statistics are divided along gender lines.

The researchers found that about half of men reported enjoying such behaviour, compared to only 10 per cent of women.

That was of little surprise to the researchers, who wrote in their paper that men are still more likely to be in positions of power within the workplace, including being in more senior jobs, being held in higher esteem by co-workers and earning more money.

"So basically, the less powerful you feel and the less you feel like you can retaliate or respond without incurring more harm, the more negative the experience is going to be," Berdahl said. "And so I think that's why we find those differences between men's and women's appraisals of the events."

On the flip side, the findings also flouted the male stereotype that men like to engage in so-called locker-room talk -- tales of their sexual exploits.

The study also found that men did not like it when other men engaged in sexual behaviour around them.

"I think a lot of people assume that, 'well, if it's just us guys, anything goes,'" Berdahl said.

Despite the fact that only a minority of employees surveyed enjoyed sexual behaviour at work and that such behaviour led to overall low morale, the findings do not suggest that management should be policing conversation in the workplace, Berdahl said.

"I think it's just more sage advice for all employees in the workplace that unless you know the person really well and are absolutely certain that this is not going to offend or trigger anything negative in them, why bring it up in the workplace?" she said. "What place does it have there?"

You're fiiiirrrrreeeeeeddd!!!!!

City of Toronto employees fired after alleged fraud

Nine City of Toronto employees caught allegedly bilking benefits from the city's insurer have been booted from the taxpayer-funded city payroll after spending approximately two weeks at home with pay.

The city confirmed today it has terminated the employment of nine civic employees who submitted fraudulent claims for benefits under the employee benefits plan.

"The City takes very seriously every instance of alleged wrongdoing in the organization and the actions taken today follow the City's investigation of the matter," officials stated in a press release.

City officials sent out the release just as Councillor Mike Del Grande was asking about disciplining employees at the city's audit committee meeting.

After questions from the Sun the city publicly revealed the social services staffers were at home with pay and that Manulife Financial had uncovered the alleged fraud through their audit process.

"The City's Fraud Prevention and Conflict of Interest policies formalize the expectations of personal honesty and integrity required of City officials and employees," the release stated.

"It remains a fact that the number of City employees found to have violated City policies related to fraud remains very, very low."

The Sun revealed last week Toronto Police’s fraud squad is investigating the incident.

Toronto Mayor David Miller is expected to comment on the firings further.